The Tudor conquest shouldn’t be understood solely in terms of set piece battles, massacres and scorched earth policies.Between 1546 and 1603 English forces in Ireland engaged in low-level campaigns, garrisons and local patrols.From the 1560s garrison governments across the country used martial law against the civilian population.Campaigns were underpinned by occasional expeditions led by the chief commanders.It led inexorably to the first complete conquest of Ireland. Listen to the podcast here.
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